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IoT-Based Automatic Fan Speed Control System Using Dual Temperature Setpoints for Smart HVAC TVET Learning

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems play a vital role in maintaining indoor thermal comfort while minimizing energy consumption. However, understanding automatic fan speed control and Direct Digital Control (DDC) remains challenging for TVET students due to limited access to industrial HVAC equipment. This project presents the development of an IoT-Based Automatic Fan Speed Control System designed as a portable and affordable learning platform for HVAC education. The system utilizes an Arduino Uno, a temperature sensor, a relay/motor control module, and an IoT monitoring platform to regulate fan operation based on two temperature setpoints. At the lower temperature threshold, the fan operates at low speed to maintain comfort and reduce energy consumption. When the temperature exceeds the upper threshold, the controller automatically increases the fan to high speed to enhance ventilation and cooling performance. Real-time temperature data and fan operating status can be monitored through an IoT dashboard, allowing students to observe system responses and understand smart control strategies. The innovation provides practical experience in sensor integration, programming, automatic control, and HVAC system operation while promoting Industry 4.0 competencies. Compared with conventional laboratory demonstrations, the proposed training kit is portable, cost-effective, safe, and suitable for classroom and workshop applications. The project supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4: Quality Education, SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, and SDG 13: Climate Action by enhancing digital engineering education and encouraging energy-efficient ventilation control. This innovation offers an effective solution for developing future-ready HVAC technicians equipped with IoT and smart automation skills.

Keywords: IoT; Automatic Fan Control; HVAC; TVET; Arduino Uno; Temperature Control; Direct Digital Control (DDC); Industry 4.0.